Silver Facts: Silver as an Element
28
Ni
Nickel |
29
Cu
Copper |
30
Zn
Zinc |
46
Pd
Palladium |
47
Ag
Silver |
48
Cd
Cadmium |
78
Pt
Platinum |
79
Au
Gold |
80
Hg
Mercury |
Names:
English: Silver
French: Argent
German: Silber
Italian: Argento
Latin: Argentum
Spanish: Plata
Basic Information:
Symbol: Ag
Atomic number: 47
Group number: 11
Mass: 107.868
Density @ 293 K: 10.5 g/cm3
Atomic volume: 10.3 cm3/mol
Melting Point: 961.93 C (1235.1 K)
Boiling Point: 2212 C (2428 K)
Heat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 250.580 kJ/mol
Number of Protons/Electrons: 47
Number of neutrons: 61
Classification: Transition Metal
Crystal Structure: Face-centered Cubic
Color: silver
Hardness: 3.25 mohs
Characteristics: soft, ductile, tarnishes
Structure of atom:
Number of shells: 5
Atom arrangement:
| 1. first shell - 2 |
| 2. second shell - 8 |
| 3. third shell - 18 |
| 4. fourth shell - 18 |
| 5. fifth shell - 1 |
Oxidation:
Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s1
Minimum oxidation number: 0
Maximum oxidation number: 3
Minimum oxidation state: 0 (silver occurs naturally in ores in its elemental state)
Maximum oxidation state: 3 (the unit cell of silver oxide, Ag4O4, has two atoms of univalent silver and two atoms of trivalent silver)
Half Lives:
| Isotope |
Half Live |
| Ag105 |
41.3 days |
| Ag105m |
7.2 minutes |
| Ag106m |
8.4 days |
| Ag107 |
stable |
| Ag108 |
2.4 minutes |
| Ag108m |
130 years |
| Ag109 |
stable |
| Ag109m |
39.8 seconds |
| Ag110 |
24.6 seconds |
| Ag110m |
249.8 days |
| Ag111 |
7.47 days |
Energies:
1st ionization energy: 731 kJ/mole
Electronegativity: 1.93
2nd ionization energy: 2073.5 kJ/mole
Electron affinity: 125.6 kJ/mole
3rd ionization energy: 3360.6 kJ/mole
Specific heat: 0.235 J/gK
Heat atomization: 284 kJ/mole atoms
Reactions:
With air: mild, =>Ag2O
With 6M HCl: none
With 6M HCl: none
With 15M HNO3: mild, =>AgNO3
Other Forms:
number of isotopes: 2
hydride(s): none
oxide(s): Ag2O
chloride(s): AgCl
Radius:
ionic radius (2- ion): pm
ionic radius (1- ion): pm
atomic radius: 144 pm
ionic radius (1+ ion): 129 pm
ionic radius (2+ ion): 108 pm
ionic radius (3+ ion): 89 pm
Conductivity:
Thermal conductivity: 429 J/m-sec-degC
Electrical conductivity: 630.5 1/mohm-cm
Electrical resistivity: 1.467 X 10-8 ohms-m (OoC)
Polarizability: 7.9 A^3
Abundance:
Silver occurs in the metallic state, commonly associated with gold, copper, lead, and zinc. It is also found in some 60 minerals including: argentite (a sulfide), cerargyrite (a chloride), many other sulfides and tellurides.
Relative abundance in solar system: -0.313 log
Abundance earth's crust: -1.2 log
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